Other adverse effects Some products also contain sunscreens. Place an order online, track your orders, download SDS and TDS, and see your quotes, all in one secure place. The solubility in water is 6.72g/L. Approximate Solubilities of USP and NF Articles, methanol, 13; ethyl acetate, >10,000; hexanes, >10,000, 0.1 N hydrochloric acid, 1; 0.1 N sodium hydroxide, 1, boiling alcohol, 50; boiling chloroform, 80; acetone at 50, methanol, 3; isopropanol, 69; benzene, 2500; petroleum ether, 5000, dimethylformamide, 10; 10 N sodium hydroxide, 3.5, dimethylacetamide, 2; dimethylformamide, 3.5; dimethylsulfoxide, 3.5, 0.1 N hydrochloric acid, 2500; 0.1 N sodium hydroxide, 100, isopropyl alcohol, 4; propylene glycol, 9; methanol, 5.3, isopropyl alcohol, 1408; propylene glycol, 119; methanol, 75, alcohol solution (1 in 2), 2; diethylphthalate, <1; benzyl benzoate, <1, acetone, 100; methanol, 1000; 0.1 N hydrochloride acid, >1000, absolute alcohol, 8; methanol, 8; propylene glycol, 19, pyridine, 10; methanol, 71; acetone, 130; methylene chloride, 286; toluene, 2000; dioxane, 2000, carbon disulfide, 2 (slowly and usually incompletely), carbon disulfide, 2 (slowly and usually incompletely) olive oil, 100, methylenedichloride, 43; 4-methyl-2-pentanone, 100. endstream endobj 276 0 obj <>stream In the environment, hydroquinone showed increased toxicity for aquatic organisms, being less harmful for bacteria and fungi. EP, Kind code of ref document: Consistent with a condensation reaction, water was determined to be the primary byproduct. Antioxidants in the hydroquinone phase are instrumental in stabilizing the color of the hydroquinone composition. Eng. Compositions according to this invention may include dermatologically acceptable carriers. It is also used to prepare 2% bleaching creams and certain intermediates for the synthesis of dyes, and it has some activity as an antitumoragent. How do I dissolve hydroquinone powder to make a 20% and 10% concentration? Boucif Belhachemi. Sodium metabisulfite has the added advantage that it does not discolor by oxidation. The solubility of sodium phenytoin in binary mixtures of ethanol +water at 298.2, 303.2, 308.2 and 313.2 K was measured. It is a major component in most black and white photographic developers for film and paper where, with the compound metol, it reduces silver halides to elemental silver. The drug is freely soluble in water and in alcohol. Hydroquinone Revision Date 24-Dec-2021 General Advice If symptoms persist, call a physician. Read our Privacy Notice. Thermodyn. Hydroquinone is highly susceptible to ring substitution by Friedel-Crafts reactions such as alkylation. Found. Hydroquinone, like phenols are very weak acids and can be deprotonated. The document was not able to download due to an unknown error. Additionally, the hydroquinone compositions frequently discolor over time and turn from a whitish color to a brown or even black. Inhalation Remove to fresh air. Hydroquinone is a major benzene metabolite, which is a well-known haematotoxic and carcinogenic agent associated with malignancy in occupational environments. Hydroquinone is 1,4-benzenediol. The correlation coefficient is greater than 0.9937 for one of these two equations for the binary studied systems where the solvent is either water or 1-octanol. HYPERPIGMENTARY STAIN ELIMINATING CREAM FOR FACE SKIN AND ITS USE. Substituted derivatives of this parent compound are also referred to as hydroquinones. I've been presented with the problem of trying to dissolve Hydroquinone in a solvent other than water. Canon [23] This conclusion was reached based on the extent of absorption in humans and the incidence of neoplasms in rats in several studies where adult rats were found to have increased rates of tumours, including thyroid follicular cell hyperplasias, anisokaryosis (variation in nuclei sizes), mononuclear cell leukemia, hepatocellular adenomas and renal tubule cell adenomas. As a polymerisation inhibitor, exploiting its antioxidant properties, hydroquinone prevents polymerization of acrylic acid, methyl methacrylate, cyanoacrylate, and other monomers that are susceptible to radical-initiated polymerization. 108. Chim. These reactions release free oxygen and generate enough heat to bring the mixture to the boiling point and vaporize about a fifth of it, producing a hot spray from the beetle's abdomen. Also in this embodiment is a cationic salt of acidic ascorbyl esters, which further helps to maintain the acceptable color desired in the hydroquinone composition. 20, 14331442 (1986), G. Wienke, J. Gmehling, Toxicol. Additionally, a water-soluble antioxidant, preferably a sulfite, including but not limited to sulfites, bisulfites, metabisulfites, their salts and their derivatives, most preferably sodium metabisulfite, may be helpful in stabilizing the hydroquinone composition. 0 7 r @ &. AzA inhibits tyrosinase. I've been presented with the problem of trying to dissolve Hydroquinone in a solvent other than water. These phases (described below) are combined in a mixing tank with an in-line homogenizer as follows. The present invention addresses the problem of excessive discoloration in hydroquinone compositions of a neutral pH. In hydroquinone and sodium metabisulfite compositions, it is believed that the sodium metabisulfite oxidizes first and delays the start of any oxidation of the hydroquinone, so that excessive discoloration is delayed or totally avoided. M1 and M2 microemulsions contain ethanol as co-surfactant. For a shipping quote, check the box and the bottom and provide us your shipping information. Production of Hydroquinone Industrial production of hydroquinone usually happens in two ways. Data 51, 16681671 (2006), C. L. Yaws, S.-C. Lin, Enthalpy of fusion at freezing pointOrganic compounds, in Thermophysical Properties of Chemicals and Hydrocarbons, William Andrew Publishing (Elsevier, 2009), pp. "F$H:R!zFQd?r9\A&GrQhE]a4zBgE#H *B=0HIpp0MxJ$D1D, VKYdE"EI2EBGt4MzNr!YK ?%_&#(0J:EAiQ(()WT6U@P+!~mDe!hh/']B/?a0nhF!X8kc&5S6lIa2cKMA!E#dV(kel }}Cq9 Phillip M. Hudnall "Hydroquinone" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 2002, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. [19][20], In 2006, the United States Food and Drug Administration revoked its previous approval of hydroquinone and proposed a ban on all over-the-counter preparations. Rev. Classical photo shops also sell hydroquinone. 0000000731 00000 n 49, 313321 (2015). This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution. 132, 165172 (2018), X. Li, Q. Yin, W. Chen, J. Wang, J. Chem. You take the cream, put it in a container, take the powder measurement and add it. Color stability improvement is evident at all levels. 77, No. Eng. I would like to add retinol and kojic acid to it as well. Although about 0.01% sodium metabisulfite without magnesium ascorbyl phosphate may not color stabilize an about 4% hydroquinone composition, and about 0.5% magnesium ascorbyl phosphate without sodium metabisulfite may not either, the combination of sodium metabisulfite and magnesium ascorbyl phosphate in these percentages is effective to stabilize the color of the about 1% to about 12%, about 2% to about 10%, preferably about 2% to about 8% and more preferably about 3% to about 4% and most preferably 4% hydroquinone composition. Glycerol derivatives solubilise natural, hydrophilic antioxidants in biofuels. ORIGINAL CODE: 0009013, Ref document number: Hydroquinone can be made through several routes. The disodium diphenolate salt of hydroquinone is used as an alternating comonomer unit in the production of the polymer PEEK. :hS-g"s2Sj Ij=x'V]gPV8tt~qkAVXi|u}5;#.pl-/4JFQ.EP3&F.qa2hI{N qBmG(z#n [GN.}aazN(~8kux9#tnYwIHFuxW v9UNj&ffNW_\\Tc""8=_"7wC>svwQy\^4gF H][QzmlOI(B@ U4[Xb0,|m0*D"/#$\u(QI)RYg\;8 Yjh [27] Several such agents are already available or under research,[28] including azelaic acid,[29] kojic acid, retinoids, cysteamine,[30] topical steroids, glycolic acid, and other substances. This page was last modified on 19 June 2019, at 20:05. Calorim. This saturated dicarboxylic acid exists as a white powder. 57, 295300 (2013), R. F. Pires, M. R. Franco Jr, Fluid Phase Equilib. The Density of hydroquinone is . Chem. This study was funded by Ministre de l'Enseignement Suprieur et de la Recherche Scientifique. Other antioxidants, for example cationic salts of acidic ascorbyl esters, most preferably magnesium ascorbyl phosphate, aminopropyl ascorbyl phosphate, and sodium ascorbyl phosphate, have not been utilized in combination with hydroquinone in view of the acidic pH, generally from about 3.4 to about 3.5, and the recommended pH range for magnesium ascorbyl phosphate is about 7.0 to 8.5. 114, 175188 (1996), I. Hahnenkamp, G. Graubner, J. Gmehling, Int. This is a prescription-only ingredient in some countries, including the member states of the European Union under Directives 76/768/EEC:1976. Some may double boil the hydroquinone and ester, I was too scared of the possibility of combustion. The method of item 1 07 wherein the hydroquinone is present in about 4%. HVoLg~Z+ Table I shows that at 5C, 4% hydroquinone compositions maintain their white color with the addition of at least about 0.01% sodium metabisulfite at the low pH ranges (from about 3.50 to about 5.50) and at least 0.05% sodium metabisulfite for pH about 6.0 to about 7.0. An improvement in the color stability of the 4% hydroquinone compositions is seen at and above 2.0% magnesium ascorbyl phosphate in the 6-7 pH range. The composition is preferably formulated in separate phases as designated below. The FDA had classified hydroquinone in 1982 as a safe product - generally recognized as safe and effective (GRASE), however additional studies under the National Toxicology Program (NTP) were suggested in order to determine whether there is a risk to humans from the use of hydroquinone. Learn more about Institutional subscriptions, C. M. S. de Mendona, I. P. de Barros Lima, C. F. S. Arago, A. P. B. Gomes, J. Therm. J. Pharm. Examples of suitable methods of encapsulation include encapsulation by liposomes, wax, paraffin or any material or combination of materials which protect the retinoid from exposure to oxygen and inhibit oxidation of the retinoid from oxidation. All Rights Reserved, View All Eastman Hydroquinone USP Articles. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. 0000003430 00000 n Johnson & Johnson Consumer Products, Inc. Johnson & Johnson Consumer Companies, Inc. AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LI LU MC NL PT SE TR, STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN, Color Stability of 4% HQ Compositions with varying pH and % Sodium Metabisulfite at 5C and 40C, Color Stability of 4% HQ Compositions with varying pH and % Magnesium Ascorbyl Phosphate at 5C and 40C, Polyacrylamide (and) C 13-14 isoparaffin (and) laureth-7, Water, Soybean (Glycine Soja) Oil, Carnauba (Copemicia Cerifera), wax, tocopherol, retinol, Ceteareth-20, Water, Soybean (Glycine Soja) Oil, Carnauba (Copernicia Cerifera), wax, tocopherol, retinol, Ceteareth-20, Compositions for the treatment of pigmentation disorders and methods for their manufacture, Stabilization composition including hydroquinone or derivative thereof, Stabilized retinol for cosmetic dermatological, and pharmaceutical compositions, and use thereof, Depigmenting composition for the skin comprising adapalene and at least one depigmenting agent, Depigmenting composition for the skin, use of a depigmenting composition for the skin, cosmetic use of the same and method for non-therapeutic cosmetic treatment, Cosmetic designs and products using intronic RNA, Holistic composition and method for reducing skin pigmentation, Topical compositions and methods of manufacturing them in specifically treated steel vessels, System for improved percutaneous absorption of skin benefiting agents, Discontinuous surface coating for particles, Method of treating skin requiring chemical peel procedure, Method of treating skin needing hyaluronic acid treatment, Method of treating skin having incision from surgical procedures, Method of treating skin requiring hair removal procedure, Method of treating skin requiring Intense Pulse Light (IPL) procedure, Method of treating skin subject to or affected by aesthetic surgical procedures, Method of treating skin needing ablative treatment, Method of treating skin requiring radiofrequency procedure, Method of treating skin requiring non-ablative procedure, Method of treating skin requiring fractional resurfacing treatment, Method of treating skin needing botulinum toxin type a treatment, Method of treating skin requiring microdermabrasion, Method of treating skin needing collagen treatment, Method of treating skin requiring skin cancer treatment, Methods of treating skin to enhance therapeutic treatment thereof, Ras mutation and compositions and methods related thereto, Compositions, kits and regimens for the treatment of skin, especially dcolletage, Calcium sequestration compositions and methods of treating skin pigmentation disorders and conditions. The present invention combats this problem, with hydroquinone compositions in the neutral pH range, preferably a pH of from about 5.5 to about 8.0, more preferably a pH of from about 5.5 to about 7.5, and most preferably at a pH of from about 6.0 to about 7.5. protecting the retinoids in a protective system; mixing the hydroquinone, and the protected retinoids; and. Discoloration of hydroquinone compositions may be accelerated by repeated exposure to oxygen or exposing the compositions to high temperatures, which may be found inside a car or delivery vehicle on a hot sunny day. GHS P Statement: Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician if you feel unwell.IF ON SKIN: Gently wash with plenty of soap and water.IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. 88, 161164 (2010), J. Delgado, Int. J. Hydroquinone is sold by chemical suppliers. The Beaver: Its Life and Impact. Calorim. One of these, 4-butylresorcinol, has been proven to be more effective at treating melanin-related skin disorders by a wide margin, as well as safe enough to be made available over the counter. The aquatic toxicity of hydroquinone to fresh water fish, Daphnia, and algae was between 0.050- . We will respond to you shortly. INCI HydroquinoneEastman Hydroquinone, USP is a skin care ingredient used to produce effective skin- lightening applications for depigmentation. Hydroquinone[1] Idrochinone Quinol 1,4-Dihydroxybenzene p-dihydroxybenzene p-hydroxyphenol 1,4-Hydroxy benzene Identifiers CAS Number 123-31-9 Y 3D model (JSmol) Interactive image Beilstein Reference 605970 ChEBI CHEBI:17594 Y ChEMBL ChEMBL537 Y ChemSpider 764 Y DrugBank DB09526 ECHA InfoCard 100.004.199 EC Number 204-617-8 Gmelin Reference 2742 isosorbide, Ascorbic acid, i.e. This chamber is lined with cells that secrete catalases and peroxidases. HYdroquinone can be found in various skin care products. Using a laser-monitoring observation technique, the solubility of hydroquinone in water, methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, and acetic acid were measured at temperatures ranging from 276.65 K to 345.10 K under the atmospheric pressure. uuid:a150f3fd-7f22-4439-aa26-6f445f4017e5 There are various other uses associated with its reducing power. : Metabolism and disposition of hydroquinone in Fischer 344 rats after oral or dermal administration. Cookie Notice uuid:3780f5dc-b322-4e29-9b1d-4c4d10b1e282 wG xR^[ochg`>b$*~ :Eb~,m,-,Y*6X[F=3Y~d tizf6~`{v.Ng#{}}jc1X6fm;'_9 r:8q:O:8uJqnv=MmR 4 A further embodiment of the invention includes a method for stabilizing a hydroquinone composition (with about 1% to about 12% hydroquinone, preferably about 2% to about 10%, more preferably about 2% to about 8%, and most preferably about 3% to about 4%) with a neutral pH of from about 5.5 to about 8.0, more preferably a pH of from about 5.5 to about 7.5, and most preferably at a pH of from about 6.0 to about 7.5, by adding a water-soluble antioxidant, preferably sulfite, including but not limited to sulfites, bisulfites, metabisulfites, their salts and their derivatives, most preferably sodium metabisulfite, and a cationic salt of acidic ascorbyl esters, preferably sodium ascorbyl phosphate, more preferably aminopropyl ascorbyl phosphate, most preferably magnesium ascorbyl phosphate. Hydroquinone is combustible when preheated. Hi, let us know if you have any questions as you visit our website. These can be burning, redness, sensitization and irritation in some patients. Res. Appearance: Free-flowing white crystalsOdor: OdorlessMolecular weight: 110.11Empirical formula: C6H6O2Assay (Anhydrous basis): 99.0-100.5 %Melting point: 172-174CWater: 0.5 wt % max.Residue on ignition: 0.5 % maxSolubility: Moderately soluble in water, glycerin, propylene glycol, and highly soluble in ethanol, Can work in conjunction with glycolic acid to help reduce pigment in melasma Non-GMOExtremely low vapor pressureUSP GradeEuropean Pharma GradeDrug master file available upon request. Polysorbate 20 0.5% 0.15g. 20grams ofhydroquinonein 20oz is liquid is 10%. Continue rinsing.IF SWALLOWED: Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician if you feel unwell.Avoid release to the environment.WARNING: The information provided on this web site was developed in compliance with European Union (EU) regulations and is correct to the best of our knowledge, information and belief at the date of its publication. 388, 7381 (2010), H. Li, G. Hu, F. Guo, L. Zhao, J. Zhu, Y. Zhang, Can. [21] The FDA officially banned hydroquinone in 2020 as part of a larger reform of the over-the-counter drug review process. Glycerol and citric acid, non-toxic and renewable reagents, were crosslinked by a melt polymerization reaction at temperatures from 90-150C. Pigmentation disorders can take a variety of forms like hyperpigmentation and hypopigmentation, such as melasma (dark patches experienced in pregnancy), liver spots (which often develop with age), as a side effect of birth control pills, and as a persistent result of acne, bums, bites and other skin injuries, and vitiligo. GHS H Statement: Causes serious eye damage.Suspected of causing genetic defects.May cause an allergic skin reaction.Suspected of causing cancer.Harmful if swallowed.Very toxic to aquatic life. Gravimetric method is used to measured hydroquinone solubility in water, ethanol and in water+ethanol binary mixtures at temperatures (293.15, 295.15, 298.15, 300.15, 303.15, 305.15, 308.15, 310.15 and 313.15)K. Mole fractions solubility of hydroquinone are correlated with temperature by using the Apelblat equation. I understand the concentrations are high but I have used them before, its just too expensive to keep buying from a compounding pharmacy. Can be destroyed by oxidizing it with an oxidizing mixture. Water Solubility 73000 mg/L at 25C 2.6B pH pKa 4.0 - 4.7 pK1 = 9.9 2.12 Oxidation:Reduction Potential +286 mV at 25C and pH 7 ENVIRONMENTAL FATE/BIODEGRADATION Since the neutral pH of the hydroquinone composition with sodium metabisulfite and magnesium ascorbyl phosphate is preferably from about 5.5 to about 8.0, more preferably a pH of from about 5.5 to about 7.5, and most preferably at a pH of from about 6.0 to about 7.5, the pH is acceptable for also including retinoids in the composition. 0.6. glycerin, 2.5. Toughness of the polymer increases due to the presence of flexible units in the backbone such as long chain diols (e.g., diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, triethylene glycol) or long chain saturated acids (e.g., adipic . Hydroquinone is soluble in alcohol solvents such as ethanol and methanol [17]. In 1-octanol, the decreasing order of the solubility of these compounds is as follows: resorcinol>benzoic acid>salicylic acid>hydroquinone. Hydroquinone is a white crystalline solid, poorly soluble in water, but more soluble in organic solvents. 0000002379 00000 n The natural pH for conventional hydroquinone compositions is acidic, generally less than about 4 even though this is harsh to the skin and to other components of the product. 4. [21][25][23] NTP evaluation showed some evidence of long-term carcinogenic and genotoxic effects[26], While hydroquinone remains widely prescribed for treatment of hyperpigmentation, questions raised about its safety profile by regulatory agencies in the EU, Japan, and USA encourage the search for other agents with comparable efficacy. Eastman Hydroquinone, USP Grade is for skin-lightening products to address hyperpigmentation. Other properties of hydroquinone are given in Table 1. Retinoids are included in the invention from about 0.01 to about 5%, preferably from about 0.025% to about 2.0%, more preferably from about 0.05% to about 1%, and most preferably from about 0.025% to about 0.5%. Stir until uniform. The preferred form of protected retinol is manufactured by SunSmart (also known as Particle Sciences, Inc. of Bethlehem, PA) under the brand name of SunCaps A-1283. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips, Not logged in Chem. Monobenzone occurs as a white, almost tasteless crystalline powder, soluble in alcohol and practically insoluble in water. and solubility in water. This Thermo Scientific Chemicals brand product was originally part of the Acros Organics product portfolio. With an account you can check out faster, view your online order history and access your shopping bag or saved items from any device.